The Anti-Pornography Feminist Movement Essay - 3395 Words

â€Å"I don’t need statistics to tell me that there is a relationship between pornography and real violence. My body remembers.† This chilling testimony from a female rape victim to a grand jury in 1983 represents the evils that pornography represents in the United States. There are strong correlations between sex crimes and pornography that have divided feminists over whether free speech is worth the sheer magnitude of sex-crime victims. Free speech is protected by the First Amendment and most people have differing views on its meaning. One thing that cannot be ignored is the fact that 90% of sexual offenders have used pornography â€Å"frequently.† I believe that the anti-pornography movement is not only just, but essential. I†¦show more content†¦Out of these theories, writers like Andrea Dworkin, Catherine MacKinnon and Dr. Diana Russell founded and encouraged many anti-porn groups around the country. Though movements against pornography had existed prior to feminist anti-pornography groups, they were previously conservative or moral majority inspired. Then came groups such as the Anti-Porn Feminists (APFEM) and the Women Against Violence in Pornography in the Media (WAVPM). These groups had limited following because of the feminist ideology of freedom of speech and expression. Due to this lack of agreement on terms and standards, the supporters have never been centralized. Supporters may be varied and polarized but most believe that there is a real problem and there must be suitable action. The reason that this movement exists are due to findings of surveys and studies as well as testimony of women who have suffered from pornography at one time or another. The studies are varied and numerous. To provide examples of these surveys I would like to illustrate the findings of several of them. The first finding comes from a 1983 study by Edward Donnerstein. He polled male high-school and college students on 37 states and came to the following conclusion. 25% to 30% of male students who admit that there is some likelihood that they would rape a woman if the could be assured of getting away with it, increases to 57% after exposure to sexually violent images depicting women enjoyingShow MoreRelatedFeminism and Pornography: Differing Views1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe pornography debate has been an issue within the feminist movement that has been pushed to the periphery in recent times. It is not as widely seen on the main stage of the feminist agenda and this may be because of a division in feminist thought with regards to pornography. Generally speaking, there are â€Å"pro-sex† feminists who believe that women have the right to do what they wish with their bodies and there are â€Å"pro-censorship† feminists who believe pornography is inherently degrading and violentRead More Feminist Issues in The Handmaids Tale Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesFeminist Issues in The Handmaids Tale      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Handmaids Tale, by Margaret Atwood, can be classified as a distopic novel. The Republic of Gilead in The Handmaids Tale is characteristic of a distopia in that it is not intended as a prediction of the future of our society, but rather as a commentary on current social trends. Atwood has created this nation by isolating what she might consider the disturbing aspects of two diametrically opposed factions of our society (namely the religiousRead MoreFeminist Theory1248 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism refers to political, cultural, and economic movements aimed at establishing greater rights, legal protection for women, and or womens liberation. It includes some of the sociological theories and philosophies concerned with issues of gender difference. Nancy Cott defines feminism as the belief in the importance of gender equality, invalidating the idea of gender hierarchy as a socially constructed concept. Feminism has earned itself a bad reputation, but it never undermined gender differencesRead MorePornography and Women Empowerment Essay2178 Words   |  9 Pagesis suffering a pandemic of harm from pornography (Friedersdorf).† A self-described crusader for family values, he has also detailed in his writing that In far too many families with young children, both parents are working†¦ Here, we can thank the influence of radical feminism (Santorum). Santorum in his platform targets a split in the female political interest, where pornography and feminism currently brush heads. It is time for the anti-pornography feminists to realize that what Santorum callsRead MoreFeminism and Porn Essay1766 Words   |  8 Pages The idea that pornography gives feminists of differing opinions this middle ground that they can meet on and see how to articulate the different desires of feminism and what they want to turn it into is one of the main reasons Catherine Lumby argues that feminists need pornography (par 60). As Lumby writes in â€Å"Why Feminists Need Porn,† chapter five of her book Bad Girls, â€Å"the notion that you can draw a cause and effect line between fantasy and social practice is disturbing and distasteful to someRead MorePornography : Men Possessing Women1614 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1981 Andrea Dworkin, a radical feminist, a supporter of the anti-pornography movement, and writer, released Pornography: Men Possessing Women, later referred to here as MPW. In her book, Dworkin delivers an extensive and emotionally-charged critique of pornography as an industry that profits from the perpetuation of harm against women, analyzing examples of both historical and contemporary pornography to make her case. Key to this analysis is the declaration of male power. According to DworkinRead MoreAngela Davis and Feminism Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagesfather attended St. Augustine’s College in Raleigh, North Carolina and became a high school teach er. Sally Davis attended Mile College in Birmingham, AL and became an elementary school teacher. Angela Davis’ mother was heavily involved in civil rights movement in the 1960s and was a leading organizer of the Southern Negro Congress, an organization influenced by the Communist Party. Growing up around the ideas and theories of communism, Angela Davis developed an intellectual mindset for equal rights. DavisRead MoreThe Negative Impact of Pornography on Society Essay924 Words   |  4 Pages Pornography is tearing apart the very fabric of our society. Yet Christians are often ignorant of its impact and apathetic about the need to control this menace. Pornography is an $8 billion a year business with close ties to organized crime.The wages of sin are enormous when pornography is involved. Purveyors of pornography reap enormous profits through sales in so-called adult bookstores and viewing of films and live acts at theaters. Pornography involves books, magazines,Read MoreThe Censorship of Pornography1581 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Censorship of Pornography: Censorship is vital and takes place on a daily basis in the modern society even in nations that state their respect and maintenance of the freedom of speech. For instance, there are several regulations that restrict broadcasters in the kind of programmes to be transmitted as specific times of the day. The other ways with which censorship happens every day is through the laws that forbid people from expressing themselves publicly toward particular political or ethnicRead MoreThe Sexual Content in Angela Carter ´S the Bloody Chamber1684 Words   |  7 PagesChamber and Other Stories, is a selection of fairytales which have been re-written by Angela Carter to place them in the modern day. Carter has taken seven fairytales whose â€Å"latent content† she says were â€Å"violently sexual†, (qtd by Robin Sheets, â€Å"Pornography Fairy Tales and Feminism† 642). The stories include a variation of classics fairytales such as â€Å"Bluebeard†, â€Å"Beauty and the Beast† and â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† with sometimes more than one version of the same original tale, for example â€Å"Wolf-Alice†

Cloning The Face of a Better Tomorrow Essay - 1995 Words

As the world has grown and developed, there has been more of a demand for newer and more efficient ways to solve world problems. Cloning has opened up doors and shined some light onto some optional ways of resolving various global issues. Cloned animals could be used to increase productivity in the manufacturing and sale of meat. Cloning could also improve our agriculture and help to preserve our animal population. Lastly, cloning could quite possibly serve a major purpose in the medical field. In spite of several doubts and risks, cloning is an innovative process that can produce a variety of overwhelming benefits that can better today’s and tomorrow’s future. To many it may seem as if cloning has just recently been discovered but†¦show more content†¦or in the Ripley’s Believe It or Not Museum. Dolly the sheep was the first ever animal to be cloned with the use of adult cells instead of cells that came from embryos. From the breakthrough of Doll y the sheep, scientists have since been able to clone several mammals that include the mouse and cow as mentioned before and now the goat as well. The usage of federal funds in regards to human cloning was outlawed by Bill Clinton in 1997. This action was supposed to only be temporary but lasted longer than promised. Shortly after Bill Clinton’s announcement of banning human cloning that’s funded with federal money, several European countries decided to ban the cloning of humans. The banning of human cloning begins to have a domino effect on other countries and this is best shown by Glenn McGee in which he displayed a table of chronological key events in his article,†Human Cloning†(938-942). The table explained that Japan and Great Britain soon began to take a stand and also ban human cloning but this time the banning of reproductive cloning(938-942). Japan’s ban took place in November of 2000 and Great Britain’s took place in December o f 2001. The first state to legalize cloning to be used for therapeutic uses was California. California made history through the passing of this law in September of 2002. Former president George W. Bush made it known in a speech that he gave in 2002, that he did not support anything dealing with the cloning of humans even forShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering: Playing God Essay1796 Words   |  8 Pagesit’s an animal customized with genes of different species. In reality, it could be a human-animal mixture that could result in horror for the scientific community. In myth the chimera was taken down by the warrior Bellerophon, the biotech version faces platoons of lawyers, bioethicists, and biologists† (Hager). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In this paper, I am going to discuss what has already been done, the unethical side of genetics, and what will happen in the future if we continue to tinker.Read MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay2192 Words   |  9 PagesA Brighter Tomorrow We are a generation of pioneers - we exist on the cusp of a new world, a world explored by Aldous Huxley in his 1931 novel, Brave New World. Within these last few centuries, humanity has experienced a rapid technological growth, and this train shows no signs of stopping. Such a thing is not noteworthy, but merely the natural course; it is logical that as more advances are compounded upon one another, the overall rate of advancement will surely increase, for each stage makesRead MoreThe True Meaning Of Beauty1945 Words   |  8 PagesThe True Meaning of Beauty Imagine this. Walking down the street and seeing duplicates of the same facial features. The same hair, eyes, nose, color of skin, lips, shape of their face, shape of their bodies, all trying to look the same. All of these women trying to have the same look. All women trying to look like the â€Å"ideal western woman† Imagine every race trying to get rid of their features to make themselves look like the ideal Caucasian women. Spending an incredible amount of money going throughRead More A Dystopian Future in Brave New World Essay examples4100 Words   |  17 PagesYuhasz   1).   The misuse of perfected technologies, especially those allowing the manipulation of the human brain and genes, have created a pleasure-seeking world where there is no such thing as spiritual experience, just pleasures of the flesh.   In the face of a transcendent religion, the inhabitants (genetically engineered to exist in one of five classes and condition to believe that the class within whic h they fall is the best one for them) lose their will to rebel against the capitalistic class-divisionsRead MoreWe Are On The Precipice Of Great And Drastic Change Essay2486 Words   |  10 Pageshuman by our current standards.† A lot of progress is being made in fields such as science, biology and which together form biotechnology. Biotechnology is largely being commended by transhumanist specialists and laymen alike. Stem cell research, Cloning, genetically modified food, and hormones are some of the achievements in biotechnology. The importance of this field has become very important. The field may, soon expand beyond therapy and its current limitations and into human enhancement. WithRead MoreDoes Technology Go the Right Way and Will It Save or Ruin Our Civilization?3650 Words   |  15 PagesOccasionally, the technological progress, changes, and advances are both good and bad. Furthermore, human race faces extinction threats and issues, which pulls out a question if we can save the world or not. The planet Earth is a massive place; one person cannot possibly make a difference. However, if many people work at making their town safer and healthier the planet as a whole can become safer and better place to live. Since technology has occupied the world and our way of life, there is no chance to getRead More The Affects of the Human Genome Project on Society Essay3143 Words   |  13 Pagesever growing thirst for knowledge as we have for many hundreds of years now. Scientists work around the clock studying the affects of nearly everything they can think of to conduct experiments on. This quest for knowledge is the supposed start to a better life for man kind and ultimately a world without disease or hunger. The human genome project is one that has been going on for about 20 years. This project set out to map, down to the last detail, every part of the human DNA structure (â€Å"Human†).Read More The Discovery Of Economy Essay3554 Words   |   15 Pagessocially is thousands of years ahead of the developed. Coming now to the definition of economy of the world, we must Firstly abolish the currency value system and pave way to the formation of an economic and monetary union of all the nations on the face of this world. Let the currencies be what they are, simultaneously allowing the currencies of all countries to be equivalent in value. Let one US dollar be equal in value to one KSA Rial and also be equal in value to one Argentinean peso, to one SpanishRead MoreEssay on How Technology is Represented in Star Wars4384 Words   |  18 PagesWars is a great artifact to study to get a better understanding of our own technological advancements. In this report, we focus specifically on how the Empire, the Rebels, and the Non-Warring people of the film acquired, developed, and used technology and how that relates to our society today. Rationale Although Star Wars takes place in a galaxy far, far away, that does not mean that it is not significant or that it cannot be used to help us better understand our own society. Star Wars hasRead MoreChinas model7412 Words   |  30 Pagesconsequences and powerful implications for America [Murray 1993: 1]. Megan Ryan and Christopher Flavin of the Worldwatch Institute agree: The prospect of one-fifth of humanity suddenly entering the consumer age will force industrial countries. . .to face up to the unsustainability of their current practices. The world cannot afford to have another billion people driving around in big cars or eating fast food hamburgers (Ryan and Flavin 1995: 129). The Chinese, it is widely agreed, cannot be allowed

Essay about President Bush And Us Foreign Policy - 1683 Words

The United States election in 2000 raised a debate between democrat and republican and in the end the American people chose a new leader Mr. George w. Bush. President Bush clearly defined foreign policy objectives and goals. I have seen and hear our dear President Bush foreign policy after September 11. Following this, Bush has established its top priorities in foreign policy. He claims that an acts in the government to improve the international community through negotiation and cooperation. Likewise President Bush remark It is to inspire and be inspired by other nations to work together toward a peaceful and prosperous future (BBC News). Bush, as well as our society, feels the president should be strong- especially in international†¦show more content†¦Bush, as well as our society, feels the president should be strong- especially in international politics and policies. When the United States was attacked September 11, 2001, the people looked to the president to lead, and in essence, seek revenge. On both of these levels of domestic considerations, we will never know to exactly what extent they influence the presidents choice of action, but they help us in understanding some of the foreign policy decisions. Going beyond the individual to the expectations of the position, the role consideration plays an influential domestic part in the response to an external event and ultimately foreign policymaking. Furthermore to do this, Bushs administration has outlined some specific objectives. Allies are crucial to conduct foreign operations, so the Bush has joined several international organizations that allow it to serve at the forefront of international policy. Some of the more famous ones are the United Nations, which is the biggest organization and has many sub-level organizations, the World Trade Organization, the World Health Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank Group (Directory of Economic, Commodity and Developmental Organiza tions). Knowing that United States is involved in these international organizations President Bush refuses to listen to UN (United Nation) andShow MoreRelatedGeorge W. Bush s Foreign Policy Successful1601 Words   |  7 PagesBush’s foreign policy successful?  ¬ â€Å"Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel American resolve† - George. W. Bush Prior to World War I, the United States’ foreign policy remained predominantly isolated. However, upon the end of the war, American foreign policy saw a pragmatic shift from its original isolationistic nature to XXXXX . America’s policy thenRead MoreThe War On Terror : An Example Of All Three Foreign Policy Tools Is Afghanistan Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe War on Terror required utilizing pre-emptive war, regime change, and unilateralism. An example of all three foreign policy tools is Afghanistan. Bush took a hard line approach with the Taliban government of Afghanistan, who had a semi-friendly working relationship with Osama bin Laden’s terrorist group, al Qaeda, by declaring that if the Taliban government did not hand over bin Laden, the U.S. would invade Afghanistan. The War on Terror created a renewed moralism that had effectively disappearedRead MoreThe Impact Of Public Opinion On U.S. Foreign Policy Since Vietnam1692 Words   |  7 Pagesattitudes have affected policymakers decisions in his book, The Impact of Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy Since Vietnam. During the Persian Gulf War, public opinion ultimately shaped policy. How the policy was attained, not the goals of the policy were shaped by the public opinion. The Persian Gulf War would be the largest use of the U.S. military since Vietnam, thus causing the Bush administration to consider how the public would react when they presented the crisis. A lack of consensusRead MoreU.s. Obama s Foreign Policy1621 Words   |  7 PagesObama was elected president in 2008 .WHen Obama was running for president many people did not know him. He was unknown to the general public. When Obama was elected many people were happy and wanted him to win because Obama promised to end war in Afghanistan and Iraq. Which he did during the end of his presidency he ended the Iraq war and also signed a nuclear deal with Iraq from obtaining nuclear weapons. He tended to keep away from foreign policy. Some of Obama s Major Foreign Policy accomplishmentsRead MoreAnalysis Of George W. Bush s National Insecur ity1264 Words   |  6 Pages George W. Bush is often described as the worst president the US has ever had. For many, this harsh criticism is propelled by the great challenges of his presidency and the sheer problems that were left to his successor. Much of the reproach for Bush is valid, both domestic and international affairs worsened due to mistakes made under his leadership. We saw a rise in unemployment, an economy on the verge of collapse, and terrorist actions triggering two wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Despite theRead MoreAmerican Strategy For U.s. Foreign Policy829 Words   |  4 PagesWalter Russel Mead, a Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, believes that â€Å"American strategy for U.S. foreign policy is shaped from four distinct schools of thought: Hamilton and his protectionist toward commence, Wilson and his sense of moral principles; Jefferson and his maintenance of our democratic system; and Jackson, the advocate of populist values and military might.â₠¬  Henry Kissinger argued that one of these schools has dominated American strategy and statedRead MoreBushs Views On Obamas Presidency1664 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout his tenure Bush was a staunch advocate of free market policies, often justifying his approach with American productivity. For instance in his 2006 State of the Union address Bush asserted that â€Å"with open markets and a level playing field, no one can out-produce or out-compete the American worker† (Bush, State of Union, 2006). This unmistakeably shows Bush’s favouring of free trade policies over protectionism. This belief is, to an extent, reflected in his practice as Bush did enact a seriesRead MoreThe United States : A Global Power And The Attack On The Twin Towers Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesfighter planes attacked the United States specifically the American Naval base at Pearl Harbor near Honolulu. This surprise attack was tragic and killed over 2,000 soldiers and sailors and injured an other 1,000 soldiers. The day after this attack President Franklin D Roosevelt asked congress to declare war on Japan and they approved this declaration. Not only did the USA declared on Japan , they joined world war 2 which had been alive for two years already. Relations between Japan and the U.S. werenRead More North Korea And The New Administration Essays971 Words   |  4 PagesTalks have recently resumed from a visit by President Kim Dae Jung of South Korea with President Bush on March 6. The Bush Administration is undertaking what it calls a through review of American policy towards North Korea and its president Kim Jong II. It is clear that the Bush Administration is taking a far harder line than the Clinton Administration did in 1994 that tried unsuccessfully, to close a deal on missile control before they left office. The Bush Administration has called for â€Å"verification†Read MoreAssess the View That, in Practice, Presidential Power Is Restricted to Issues Relating to Foreign Policy.725 Words   |  3 Pagesin practice, presidential power is restricted to issues relating to foreign policy. The office of president today is very different from that envisaged by the framers of the constitution in 1787- the circumstances that have given rise to modern presidential power could not have been foreseen. However some argue that the office of president is one of inherent weakness rather than strength, and that the powers of the president were no guarantee that power could actually be exercised. In his view

araby and the things they carried Essay - 848 Words

Head in the Clouds The main characters in â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce and â€Å"The Things They Carried† by Tim O’Brien are both at war with fantasy and reality. Both of these characters are ones motivated by their infatuation with woman they hardly know but believe that they love them. Both these stories tell us that their fantasizing and objectification of these women are used to cover up their true feelings. In return this offers the main characters an escape from reality. Through the exchange of letters between Lt. Jimmy Cross and the center of his infatuation Martha in â€Å"The Things They Carried†, he allowed himself to become more obsessed with the thought of her. The letters simply state the events Martha encounter in her daily life, lines†¦show more content†¦With religion being a very prominent factor in the lives of the characters in this story, the narrator neglects to realize that this factor will make it nearly impossible for them to be together. With the inability to realize this, mixed with his teenage hormones, this causes him to be engulfed by his objectification of Manegen’s sister. â€Å"My body was like a harp and her words and gestures were like fingers running along the wires† (Joyce, 217). He allows her to control him so heavily; simply by the way she moves or speaks, he doesn’t allow himself to live his own life as the person he truly is. By not allowing himself to see anything else past this girl he is idealizing, he shuts himself off from the rest of the things in his life, the more important things, such as work and school. We know that the narrator doesn’t come from very much money, which means for him to take what little money he is given and plan to spend it on this girl, he is truly obsessed. A child in his right mind would save the money he is given, to get the things he needs or even wants for himself. His infatuation with her makes him feel as though he has to do anything he could to please her, even giving her all he had. Through an epiphany at the end he realizes that he was romanticizing his relationship with Manegen’s sister far too much. He was willing to give up the little money he has in order to please a girl he hardly knows in order to simply entertain a fantasy. When theShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried and Araby Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesBoth â€Å"The Things They Carried† by Tim O’Brien and â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce portray the lives of two individuals who are in love. â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a young lieutenant na med Jimmy Cross during the Vietnam War. Lieutenant Cross was incapable of focusing on the war because of his constant thoughts of the girl he loved, Martha. â€Å"Araby† is about a boy who is infatuated with a girl he has never had a conversation with. Although both protagonists in â€Å"The Things They Carried† and â€Å"Araby† eventuallyRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien And Araby By James Joyce892 Words   |  4 Pagesboth pieces of literature â€Å"The Things They Carried† by Tim O’Brien and â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce. The authors portray the lives of two individuals who are in love. The idea of love concerning a girl and expectations on being with this girl they love. The authors in both texts demonstrate too us that love can be very hopeful, but it can emotionally and mentally change us. The authors assert to the reader attention in the literature â€Å"Araby† and â€Å" The Things They Carried† that love can be hopeful butRead More The Decline of Chivalry Explored in Araby and AP Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesRomantic gestures have been seen as a useful motive to win hearts of women for centuries. However, as society constantly changes, the effectiveness of these chivalrous acts has diminished. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP†, this theory is explored, both telling the story of a boy whose efforts to impress the girl of their desires fail. As said by Well’s in his critical analysis of these stories, â€Å"Both the protagonists have come to realize that romantic gestures—in fact, that the wholeRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s The Unnamed Young Boy 1388 Words   |  6 Pagesdilemma that makes it hard for him to make clear decisions. All these come at his adolescent stage whe n he feels like he should identify with his sexual feelings. However, his religion fights against his sense of romance to Mangan s sister. They feel carried away by his feeling, but held back by religion. The boy keeps a distance from what his fantasies and what he cherishes the most, but he does not know the best way to express his feeling for the lady he has fallen in love that is older than him. JamesRead MoreWit Flim Mid Term734 Words   |  3 Pagescharacter. Characterization can make the story more interesting and creates the story to be more detailed. Two stories in which characterization makes the story better and are similar in the way that the themes go is â€Å"Aamp;P† written by John Updlike and â€Å"Araby† written by James Joyce. Both story is about a worker who is admiring a woman from a far. In â€Å"Aamp;P† Updlike characterize the three girls who walk in the store that he is working. He describes in details of how the girls looked and even the colorRead More Comparing Allah and God Essay3292 Words   |  14 Pagesbecause he felt compelled to read it and expose its errors. In short, Zahid converted to Christianity and shared the Bible’s teachings with everyone. As a result, he was considered a traitor. Zahid began to experience much of the persecution he had carried out against many Christians. For two years he was imprisoned, beaten, tortured, and eventually sentenced to be hung to death (DcTalk 53-54). The sort of persecution Zahid dealt out and later experienced himself occurs daily in various places ofRead MoreThe Penang Second Brigde in Malaysia3068 Words   |  12 Pagesalso the 3rd Chief Minister of Penang, Tan Sri Dr. Koh Tsu Koon. Later, Malaysian government unveiled the plan to construct the bridge in August 2006. The project is implemented in the 9th Malaysian Plan. It is the largest civil construction work carried out in Malaysia in the past 2 decades. The construction of the bridge officially started in November 2008 after all the planning and procedure done. The bridge is currently projected completed on February 2014. The bridge is built under the cooperationRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesplot. It can, in fact, occur at any moment. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and in a number of the other companion stories in â€Å"Dubliners† the crisis – in the form of a sudden illumination that Joyce called an epiphany – occurs at the very end of the story, and the falling action and the resolution are dispensed with altogether. Exposition and complication can also be omitted in favour of a plot that begins in medias res (â€Å"in the midst of things†). In much modern and contemporary fiction the plot consists

Financial Cycle and Comparative Macroeconomics

Question: Discuss about the Financial Cycle and Comparative Macroeconomics. Answer: Introduction: As stated by Panizza, U. and Presbitero (2013), GDP is the monetary value of the products and services produced within a geographical region of an economy and within a financial year. Real GDP is the measure of inflation adjusted economic output. Real GDP is calculated by dividing nominal GDP with GDP deflator. In the view of Filis and Chatziantoniou (2014), when GDP of an economy rises, per capita income hikes upward. Increase in per capita income cannot improve the standard of living completely. Increase in GDP indicates growth of the economy. However, economic growth does not ensure the development of the economy. As opined by Del Negro, Giannoni and Schorfheide (2014), growth of real GDP reflects only the increase in total money value of the output. It does not indicate the improvement of every section of people. In the view of Filis and Chatziantoniou (2014), growth of one sector may happen with the contraction of other sector as the growing sector may use the resources of contr acting sector. During the phase of industrialisation in an economy, air and water pollution rises to affect the health of people. Growth of an economy does not ensure healthy life of human being within a polluted environment. Diseases in the society may increase in the absence of proper awareness and may reduce life expectancy. Standard of living depends on the development of other aspects of life such as education, health. GDP growth rate fails to measure income disparities and thus extent of poverty among people belong to different income group. For example, China has the second highest GDP among all the countries next to United States, although it stands at 84nd rank in the social progress index (Porter, Stern and Green 2016). Therefore, it can be stated that real GDP is not a good measure of standard of living. Unemployment rate is the total number of unemployed workers in an economy among the entire labour force. Unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people of the total labour force, who are seeking job. Unemployment arises in the economy when production of total goods and services are less than total demand. Elsby, Hobijn and ?ahin (2013) cited that full employment in an economy is achieved when a country utilises all resources efficiently in the production of goods and services. Different types of unemployment arise in an economy such as seasonal, frictional, structural and cyclical. Frictional unemployment arises when a person switches between jobs. Unemployment arises during the recession and depression stage, when aggregate demand in the economy is not sufficient to create jobs in the economy. Unemployment rate rises, when the minimum wage is set above the market clearing level. Firms are unwilling to employ more workers as the cost of production rises. According to Okuns Law, there is negative relationship between growth rate of real GDP and the cyclical unemployment (Bernal-Verdugo, Furceri and Guillaume 2012). It indicates that when real GDP falls, unemployment rate rises. In the words of Cho and Newhouse (2013), a natural rate of unemployment always observed in an economy. As stated by Pissarides (2013), structural and seasonal unemployment are unavoidable in the economy. Seasonal unemployment is seen mainly in the agriculture sector, which is mostly dependent on the nature. A farmer becomes unemployed when weather is not in favour of producing crops. A person without having required skills cannot be recruited at a different sector in short run. Structural unemployment is unavoidable in the short run. This kind of unemployment occurs in the economy, when an economy transits from one phase to another such as change from agricultural base to the industrial base. This type of unemployment is unavoidable. Price of goods and services falls in an economy, when there is a gap in demand and supply of goods. Consumer price index is the weighted average of the prices of all consumer goods (Mankiw 2014). CPI inflation occurs in the economy with the increase in the price index. Inflation captures changes in the price level of the products used by households in the economy. Year Annual Inflation rate 2005 83 - 2006 85.9 3% 2007 87.9 2% 2008 91.8 4% 2009 93.4 2% 2010 96.1 3% 2011 99.3 3% 2012 101 2% 2013 103.5 2% 2014 106 2% 2015 107.6 2% Table 1: CPI index ad inflation rate in Australia (Source: abs.gov.au, 2016) It is agreed that inflation rises with increase in price of goods and services. During government expenditure in the economy rises, aggregate consumption demand rises due to increase in per capita income. CPI includes all the goods demanded by households. Therefore, increasing per capita income raises the aggregate demand. However, in short run, it is not possible for the suppliers to increase production at the level of demand. Hence, a gap arises in the economy (Borio 2014). In order to meet the demand, sellers raise the price of goods and thus consumer price index rises. Inflation occurs in the economy due to upward movement of CPI. Figure 1 shows that inflation rate in Australia has a falling trend and remains at 2% from 2012. Aggregate demand is the sum of total demand for goods and services in an economy at a stated price level. Aggregate demand curve slopes downward as the demand for goods and services move in the opposite direction of price level (Mankiw 2014). Aggregate demand curve shows the relationship between the aggregate price level and the real output of the economy. Equation of aggregate demand is stated as follows: AD = C + I + G + NX, where C is consumption expenditure, I represents investment expenditure, G shows government expenditure and NX is the net export demand. One of the reasons for negatively slope of AD curve is fall in real income. When price level rises or inflation occurs in the economy, real money value falls. Hence, purchasing power of individual falls and this affects aggregate demand. Furthermore, when import rises and export falls due to fall in price of foreign goods, export sector contracts and there is fall in AD. Another reason is effect of interest rate. Nominal interest rate rises when inflation occurs in the economy (Borio 2014). When interest rate in the economy is high, investment level falls and real output level falls as well. Per capita income falls with the decrease in real output. AD curve is downward sloping for these reasons. In the view of Mankiw (2014), changes in resources can be adjusted with the demand. It is believed that after a point output reaches at the optimal level by using all the resources such as labour, capital and technology optimally. Long run supply curve is vertical as it shows that supply become static in the long run for a given level of resources, when real output is fixed. Movement occurs along the LRAS curve only due to change in aggregate demand. Short run aggregate supply curve shifts due to change in wage rate, technology, and increase in interest rate. Short run supply curve is upward sloping as suppliers get incentive to produce more output, when price level rises. There is a positive relationship between the aggregate price level and the real output of the economy. Hence, the SRAS curve upward sloping. References Bernal-Verdugo, L.E., Furceri, D. and Guillaume, D., 2012. Labor market flexibility and unemployment: new empirical evidence of static and dynamic effects.Comparative Economic Studies,54(2), pp.251-273. Borio, C., 2014. The financial cycle and macroeconomics: What have we learnt?.Journal of Banking Finance,45, pp.182-198. Cho, Y. and Newhouse, D., 2013. How did the great recession affect different types of workers? Evidence from 17 middle-income countries.World Development,41, pp.31-50. Del Negro, M., Giannoni, M.P. and Schorfheide, F., 2014.Inflation in the great recession and new keynesian models(No. w20055). National Bureau of Economic Research. Elsby, M.W., Hobijn, B. and ?ahin, A., 2013. Unemployment dynamics in the OECD.Review of Economics and Statistics,95(2), pp.530-548. Filis, G. and Chatziantoniou, I., 2014. Financial and monetary policy responses to oil price shocks: evidence from oil-importing and oil-exporting countries.Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting,42(4), pp.709-729. Mankiw, N.G., 2014.Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Panizza, U. and Presbitero, A.F., 2013. Public debt and economic growth in advanced economies: A survey.Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics,149(2), pp.175-204. Pissarides, C.A., 2013. Unemployment in the great recession.Economica,80(319), pp.385-403. Porter, M., Stern, S. and Green, M. 2016. Social progress index 2016. [online] socialprogressimperative.org. Available at: https://www.socialprogressimperative.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/SPI-2016-Main-Report.pdf [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017].

Entrepreneur and Marketing- Free-Samples- Myassignmenthelp.com

Qustions: 1.Find a Non-Profit Organization and how they are using financial Marketing. 2.Find two Companies one for Manufacturing and other from servicing Company See how they are following Financial Marketing. Answers: 1.Non-profit organisations are aimed at improving the society and making it a considerable place for people to reside. These organisations have no profit-making motive and seek support from the Government or any other business sectors. Rizzo (2015) stated that at times, the community in which it is set up also contributes to the cause of the welfare of the society. Thus, non-profit organisations do not have to market itself for any profit-making objective. In this regard, it can be said that financial marketing is also not required in an extensive manner for these organisations. Financial marketing is used to trade securities related to finances, trade, commodities as well as items of value that helps in the balance of supply and demand. According to Mintz and Currim (2013), financial marketing defines the marketing terminology in an efficient manner. This is because even in financial marketing the exchange of services takes place. However, for a non-profit organisation aimed at improving the social, financial marketing may be ineffective in terms of achieving the goals of an organisation. The trading of bonds and stocks are hardly applicable in case of non-profit organisations. However, some non-profit organisations can use the financial marketing in an effective manner than the others. It can be said that non-profit organisations involved with a particular business or Government can make investments in terms of achieving its goals. In this context, an example can be considered in order to understand the ways by which financial marketing can be used by a non-profit organisation. Clean Up Australia is a non-profit organisation that aims to eliminate any waste materials and address the issues that arise due to shortage or excess water and climatic change. Ian Kiernan founded the organisation in 1989 and in collaboration with different business organisations, community and the Government have managed to achieve proper results for the country. The success of the organisation can be attributed to the fact that it is an annual event in the country since its inception (Cleanupaustraliaday.org.au. 2017). In this context, the use of financial marketing by Clean Up Australia can be analysed. As stated earlier, financial marketing is the exchange of stuff between two or more entities. In the case of Clean Up Australia, the exchange of items required for the cleaning of the country can be used as part of financial marketing deal (Ennew, Waite and Waite 2013). This can be done because the company received support from the various profitable business centres as well as the Government. Apart from this, the productive use of the funds can be another important use for this company. This can be done by using the funds for the purchase of the equipment and upgrading them as per the changes in the society. Thus, financial marketing can be used effectively by nonprofit organisations in order to maintain the proper work that is being done in the society. In the case of Clean Up Air, the use of financial marketing is done in an effective and efficient manner. 2.According to Armstrong et al. (2014), societal marketing involves the marketing decisions that are taken by a company keeping in mind the needs and wants of the customers. This, in turn, leads to the assessment of the requirements of the company and the interests of the society. The aim of every company is to satisfy the customers and ensure that the responsibilities towards the society are also maintained keeping in mind the goals of the organisation. However, different industries set about different objectives while implementing the societal marketing concept in the organisation. In this case, the examples of manufacturing company as well as a service company can be taken into consideration. Moose Toys is an Australian toy manufacturing company situated in Melbourne. Brain Hamersfeld set up the company in 1985. The company has its branches in 85 countries and in the modern day is one of the top toy manufacturing companies in Australia (Moosetoys.com 2017). In this regard, it can be said that the company need to keep in mind the requirements of the company as well as the satisfaction of the customers. The target market of the company includes the children of the country. Hence, it is important that the company manufacture products that are safe as well as attractive for the children. On the other hand, the company also focuses on the ways to improve the requirements of the sector. With the expansion into a global market, the Moose toys have employed over 200 employees in countries like Australia, US and Hong Kong. Hence, it is required that the company make ample profit by collaborating with other companies. The licensing of Shopkins and the collaboration of it with McDon alds has resulted for further betterment of the company (Moosetoys.com 2017). Sydney Environmental and Soil Laboratory (SESL) Australia, is a private company that provides lab testing and services for landscape, environment, Government and so on. It offers to collect a sample for testing the sample of soil, water and the ground in various regions of the country. Simone Leake set up the company in 1983 for the sole purpose of providing support to the people of the society and ensuring that the services it provides benefits to the society. It also provides training courses for students pursuing a career in science (Sesl.com.au. 2017). In this regard, the use of societal marketing by this company can also be analysed. The company devotes time for the welfare of the society. Hence, it can be said that the company focuses on achieving the long-term interest of the society as well as maintain the requirements for the company. This can be done by testing for any harmful particles in the soil and water that may exist and cause harm to the people. It also ensures that the resources required for conducting these tests are available to the company. Hence, the focus remains more on the interests of the society and the company rather than the customers. Hence, this is a significant difference when compared with the societal marketing of a manufacturing industry. Reference Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Cleanupaustraliaday.org.au. (2017).Clean Up Australia Day - Official Site. [online] Available at: https://www.cleanupaustraliaday.org.au/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]. Ennew, C., Waite, N. and Waite, R., 2013.Financial services marketing: An international guide to principles and practice. Routledge. Melanthiou, Y., 2016. Messages Not Getting Through: Societal Marketing to the Rescue.Journal of Promotion Management,22(2), pp.195-196. Mintz, O. and Currim, I.S., 2013. What drives managerial use of marketing and financial metrics and does metric use affect performance of marketing-mix activities?.Journal of Marketing,77(2), pp.17-40. Moosetoys.com. (2017).Home | Moose Toys. [online] Available at: https://www.moosetoys.com/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]. Rizzo, T., 2015. Maximising results with data-driven financial marketing strategies.Journal of Brand Strategy,4(2), pp.114-126. Sesl.com.au. (2017).Environmental Consulting Soil Testing | SESL Australia. [online] Available at: https://sesl.com.au/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017].